What is Kidney Calculi?

Renal calculi are hard deposits that form in the kidneys. These stones are composed of various minerals and salts that accumulate and crystallize in the urinary tract. Kidney stones can vary in size, ranging from tiny particles to larger, more noticeable formations.

The formation of renal calculi is often related to factors such as dehydration, high levels of certain minerals in the urine, or urinary tract infections. When the concentration of minerals and salts in the urine becomes too high, they can precipitate and form solid masses. These masses can then pass through the urinary system, leading to symptoms such as severe pain, discomfort, and changes in urine color.

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Causes Of Renal Calculis

  • Concentration of Minerals:
    • High levels of minerals: Calcium, oxalate, and uric acid in your urine can form crystals that clump together and become stones.
    • Dehydration: Not drinking enough fluids concentrates urine, making crystal formation more likely.
  • Dietary Factors:
    • High-protein, high-sodium, high-sugar diet: Increases calcium, oxalate, and uric acid levels in urine.
    • Certain foods: Spinach, rhubarb, beets, and chocolate can contribute to specific types of stones.
    • Fructose: Found in table sugar and high-fructose corn syrup, can increase uric acid levels.
  • Medical Conditions:
    • Underlying health issues: Hyperparathyroidism, cystic kidney disease, chronic urinary tract infections, and metabolic disorders can increase stone risk.
    • Medications: Diuretics, calcium-based antacids, and some antiseizure drugs can contribute to stone formation.
  • Other Factors:
    • Family history: Having a family member with kidney stones increases your risk.
    • Obesity: Higher body mass index is linked to increased stone formation.
    • Weight loss surgery: Certain types of surgery can alter digestive processes and increase risk.
    • Chronic digestive diseases: Inflammatory bowel disease or Crohn's disease can alter calcium absorption and raise stone risk.
    • Anatomical abnormalities: Kidney structure anomalies can affect urine flow and increase stone formation.

Symptoms Of Renal Calculi

  • Pain:
    • Severe pain in the lower back or flank (side), often radiating to the groin or genitals. This is the most common symptom and can be described as sharp, stabbing, or wave-like.
    • Pain may come and go in intensity.
  • Other Symptoms:
    • Blood in the urine (hematuria): Urine may appear red, pink, or brown.
    • Nausea and vomiting: May be severe and accompanied by abdominal pain.
    • Frequent urination or difficulty urinating (dysuria): May also experience pain or burning during urination.
    • Urgent need to urinate (urinary urgency): Feeling like you need to urinate immediately, even if there is little urine in the bladder.
    • Fever and chills: May indicate an infection caused by the stone.
    • Cloudy or foul-smelling urine: Can be a sign of infection or blood in the urine.
    • Restlessness and agitation: Due to the severe pain.

Who is at a Higher Risk?

  • Men: Men are two to three times more likely than women to experience kidney stones.
  • Age: Risk is highest between 20 and 50 years old, although stones can occur at any age.
  • Family history: Having a family member with kidney stones increases your risk.
  • Dehydration: Not drinking enough fluids is a major risk factor.
  • Diet: High intake of animal protein, salt, sugar, and fructose can contribute to stone formation.
  • Medical conditions: Certain conditions like gout, hyperparathyroidism, and inflammatory bowel disease increase risk.
  • Medications: Some medications, like diuretics and calcium-based antacids, can increase the risk.
  • Obesity: Increased body weight is associated with a higher risk of kidney stones.
  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs): Repeated UTIs can increase the risk of struvite stones.
  • Digestive disorders: Conditions like cystinuria and malabsorption syndromes can lead to specific types of stones.
  • Weight loss surgery: Certain types of weight loss surgery can increase the risk of stones.

How To Diagnose Renal Calculi

  • Medical history and physical examination:
    • Physicians will discuss past medical conditions, medication use, family history of kidney stones, and dietary habits.
    • Physical exam may reveal tenderness in the flank of the abdomen, and possibly fever or signs of dehydration.
  • Laboratory tests:
    • Urinalysis: Checks for blood, white blood cells (infection), and crystals suggestive of stone composition.
    • Blood tests: Assess kidney function, electrolyte levels, and possible infection markers.
  • Imaging tests:
    • Non-contrast CT scan: Preferred imaging for confirming kidney stones, showing location and size.
    • Abdominal X-ray: Can detect larger stones but less sensitive than CT scans.
    • Ultrasound: Useful for visualizing kidney size and hydronephrosis (kidney swelling) due to stone blockage.
    • Intravenous pyelogram (IVP): Rarely used now, involves injecting dye to visualize the urinary tract and stone location.
  • Additional tests:
    • Urine culture: To rule out urinary tract infection.
    • Stone analysis: If passed, analyzing the stone composition helps determine future prevention strategies.

Complications Of Renal Calculis

While many kidney stones pass on their own and cause only temporary discomfort, some can lead to serious complications if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Here are some of the potential complications of renal calculi:

  • Obstruction and Backflow:
    • Blockage of ureters: Kidney stones can lodge in the narrow tubes (ureters) that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, causing complete or partial blockage. This can lead to pain, swelling, and infection.
    • Hydronephrosis: Blocked ureters can cause urine to back up into the kidneys, distending them and potentially damaging their function.
  • Infections:
    • Urinary tract infections (UTIs): Blockage of the urinary tract by a kidney stone increases the risk of UTIs, which can be painful and, if untreated, spread to the kidneys.
    • Pyelonephritis: A severe kidney infection caused by bacteria backing up due to a stone. This can lead to fever, chills, and potentially life-threatening sepsis.
  • Kidney Damage:
    • Scarring: Chronic or recurrent stones can scar the kidneys, impairing their ability to filter waste and fluids.
    • Acute or chronic kidney failure: In severe cases, prolonged obstruction or infection can lead to permanent kidney damage and even failure.
  • Other Complications:
    • Blood in the urine (hematuria): This can be a sign of stone irritation or bleeding in the urinary tract.
    • High blood pressure: Large or recurrent stones can contribute to hypertension.
    • Loss of kidney: In rare cases, severely damaged kidneys may need to be removed surgically.

Ayurvedic Treatment For Renal Calculis

Renal calculi treatment in Ayurveda focuses on holistic well-being, aiming to alleviate kidney stones naturally. Ayurvedic remedies for kidney calculi involve using herbs like Varuna and Gokshura to dissolve stones and reduce pain. This ancient approach believes in balancing doshas to prevent recurrence. Ayurvedic treatment for kidney calculi emphasizes dietary adjustments, advocating against excessive salt and protein intake. Kidney calculi treatment in Ayurveda incorporates Pashanabheda, known for its stone-breaking properties, promoting urinary health. Adopting Ayurvedic practices for renal calculi aligns with a natural and preventive healthcare philosophy, offering an alternative path to kidney stone management.

Ayurvedic Medicine For Renal Calculi

Here are some Ayurvedic herbs commonly used for renal calculi:

  • Dissolving stones:
    • Pashanbheda: This herb is considered a litholytic in Ayurveda, meaning it might help break down stones.
    • Gokshura: This diuretic herb promotes urinary flow and may help expel stone fragments.
    • Punarnava: This potent herb has anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties that might aid in managing kidney stones.
  • Reducing pain and inflammation:
    • Shilajit: This mineral-rich substance has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may help ease pain and inflammation associated with kidney stones.
    • Varuna: This bark extract has shown some potential in reducing inflammation and discomfort.
    • Shunthi (Ginger): This widely used herb has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties that can provide pain relief.
  • Preventing recurrence:
    • Triphala: This combination of three fruits helps balance digestion and supports overall kidney health.
    • Amla (Indian gooseberry): This rich source of vitamin C and antioxidants might help prevent stone formation.
    • Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia): This herb has immunomodulatory and diuretic properties that might contribute to kidney health.

Why Choose Karma Ayurveda

  • Holistic Approach: Treat the root cause, not just the stone, addressing imbalances in your overall health.
  • Ayurvedic Expertise: Over 80 years of experience specializing in kidney care with renowned Ayurvedic doctors.
  • Personalized Treatment Plans: Customized herbal remedies and therapies based on your unique needs and stone type.
  • Non-invasive & Gentle: Avoid potentially risky surgeries and side effects of conventional medications.
  • Evidence-based Practices: Utilizes time-tested Ayurvedic principles with modern scientific understanding.
  • Proven Success: Testimonial and case studies showcasing successful stone dissolution and prevention.
  • Comprehensive Care: Manage pain, improve kidney function, and prevent future stone formation.
  • Dietary & Lifestyle Guidance: Support your treatment through personalized lifestyle and dietary recommendations.
  • Multi-location Accessibility: Choose from several Karma Ayurveda branches across India for convenient treatment.
  • Compassionate Atmosphere: Experience a supportive and caring environment focused on your well-being.
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JAN 05,2023-JAN 04,2026